Christopher is clerked primarily by Lee Johnson, Clare Sabido, Jennifer Pooler and Emma Bell.
“Chris is one of a kind. He is outstanding and also incredibly nice. He is miles ahead in the application of technology in our practice. His intelligence and manner make him a joy to work with.”
Chambers and Partners
Chris successfully represented the injured claimant in the ground-breaking case of XX v Whittington which changed the law on the recoverability of surrogacy damages.
Click here to watch the Supreme Court hearing, here for press coverage from The Guardian and The Telegraph and here for our healthcare blog’s review of the decision.
experience & expertise
Chris leads the award-winning Serjeants’ Inn Clinical Negligence and Healthcare Team. He has been recognised as a leading clinical negligence practitioner for many, many years. Before the age of 30, Legal 500 included him in their “top 40 barristers under 40”. As a silk he has undertaken the most legally and technically complex cases for both top claimant and defence firms. He is a team-player, ensuring he works with his top-rank solicitors to get the best from their experts. He adopts a meticulous forensic approach. Through focussed questioning of specialists, he distils complex medical and scientific ideas into a straightforward presentation for the court. His empathetic approach ensures that clients are reassured, and understand their own cases and the legal team’s assessment of their merits.
His extensive experience has been recognised by his peers: he was appointed as co-chair of the Professional Negligence Bar Association’s Clinical Negligence weekend (2014-2018). He has been exposed to nearly every conceivable type of medical case, ranging from complex retinopathy of prematurity to high value cerebral palsy and brain damage cases (such as the Fieldfisher case in which a £9m award was secured for Rebecca Ling, whose heroism in the face of her profound disabilities was recognised when she carried the Olympic flame). He has extensive experience of fatal cases including recently acting for Irwin Mitchell in a £4 million settlement for the family of an investment banker who died after receiving sub-standard medical treatment.
Chris’s background in medical ethics cases and position as editor of the leading medical treatment text means he is well placed to handle the sensitive issues involved in mental health clinical negligence cases. He has acted in many high value claims involving catastrophic injuries following suicide attempts. Chris recently acted in a case involving an informal patient with a long history of mental illness, who was allowed to run away from hospital in a suicidal state, then jumped from a balcony sustaining permanent and catastrophic spinal cord injury, leaving him tetraplegic and wheelchair-bound. Click here for further details.
Chris is adept at handling cases involving novel points of law such as XX v Whittington (surrogacy), and Toombes v Mitchell (wrongful life claim from disabled woman allegedly born as a result of negligent pre-conception advice given to her mother). Recently, Chris acted for the family in a case where premature delivery had left a ten year old child severely disabled, which was settled for £3.5 million. For press coverage please click here and here.
Chris is recognised as one of the top claimant product liability silks. He authored the very well received “A personal (and selective) introduction to product liability law” for the Journal of Personal Injury Law (cited with approval in Michael Jones, Medical Negligence, 2018). Throughout his career he has been involved in complex group actions, starting with the dental quantum group action Appleton v Garrett. He was also instructed in a number of million-pound class actions against various manufacturers arising out of difficulties patients have experienced with metal on metal hip implants and resurfacings.
He has unrivalled technical expertise in dealing with vast group actions as both junior and silk. He is exceptionally computer-savvy using his Excel skills to create impressive shortcuts for juniors and solicitors through substantial damages and disclosure exercises.
Chris spoke to APIL during lockdown on the use of technology in litigation. He has led in-house and external talks on mediation. He constantly looks to innovate and learn from other fields and professions: over the last 5 years, he has chaired a series of talks and conversations led by Nicola Hurdley, serving Detective Chief Inspector and Crisis Negotiator, on improving communication techniques by learning from internationally recognised tactics.
Cases & work of note
Examples of Chris’s work includes the following:
Amputation claims
- Claims involving complex amputations and highly specialist prosthetics
- Above knee amputations in both legs as a result of failure to diagnose absence of peripheral pulses in legs
Anaesthetic claims
- Permanent spinal injury following epidural haematoma
- Failure in anaesthetic management in caesarean section resulting in maternal death
Birth Injury
- All aspects of birth injury – claims involving midwifery failures, obstetrician failures, system failures
- Cerebral Palsy – caused by hypoxia, infection and kernicterus
- Microcephaly
- CTG trace misinterpretation
- Antenatal scanning errors
- Inappropriate use of induction agents (for example, Syntocinon)
- Management of breech delivery
- Shoulder dystocia
- Injury from streptococcus
- Management of triplet pregnancy, caesarean section performed prematurely
- Failure of informed consent (Montgomery consent) in cases involving vaginal delivery, caesarean section, induction agents, risk of streptococcus
Brain Injury
- Cerebral Palsy – caused by hypoxia, infection and kernicterus
- Meningitis
- Brain haemorrhage – subarachnoid, subdural, extradural
- Failure to diagnose raised intracranial pressure
- TIA/strokeHydrocephalus
- Failure to diagnose Infective endocarditis
- Failure to diagnose viral encephalitis
- Failure to diagnose brain aneurysm
Cancer misdiagnosis and late diagnosis
- Significant experience in delay in diagnosis of cancer cases
- Failure to biopsy ulceration resulting in failing to diagnose and excise squamous cell carcinoma
Cerebral Palsy
- Cerebral Palsy – caused by hypoxia, infection and kernicterus
Consent
- Consent to use of novel medical implants
- Consent to high risk surgical procedure
Fatal claims
- Failure to advise flu vaccination in pregnancy resulting in death
- Failure to manage haemorrhage in delivery resulting in maternal death
- Failure in anaesthetic management in caesarean section resulting in maternal death
- Failure to admit to hospital when suicide risk presenting in the community Fall in hospital resulting in death
- Failures in resuscitation cases
- High value damages assessment following death of high net worth individual
Fertility claims
- XX v Whittington in the Supreme Court
- Delay in diagnosis of cervical cancer
- Claims for surrogacy
- Claim for surrogacy in California
- Post-operative management of hysteroscopy procedure resulting in infertility
GP negligence
- Substantial experience of cases involving delay in diagnosis of cauda equina syndrome
- Extensive experience of delay in diagnosis of cancer cases
- Pre-conception advice cases including Toombes v Mitchell (wrongful life claim from disabled woman allegedly born as a result of negligent pre-conception advice given to her mother) Monitoring of anticoagulation treatment
- Monitoring of lithium medication
- Failure to attend seriously ill patient resulted in delayed diagnosis of swine flu and consequent death
Hip implant treatment
- Failure of hip prostheses
- Claims for mixed and matched components
- Failure of informed consent
Maternal injuries and deaths
- Failure to advise flu vaccination in pregnancy resulting in death
- Failure to manage haemorrhage in delivery resulting in maternal death
- Failure in anaesthetic management in caesarean section resulting in maternal death
- Permanent spinal injury following epidural haematoma
- Failure to diagnose and repair anal tearing after delivery
- Permanent sphincter damage and incontinence problems caused by the negligent management of forceps delivery
Meningitis
- Significant experience of cases involving delay in diagnosis of meningitis causing permanent brain damage and/or hearing loss
- Failure to treat sepsis or serious infection / meningitis
Multi-party mediation
- High value clinical negligence claims involving multiple parties resolved in mediation
Neonatal claims
- Significant experience of claims involving negligent hydration/feeding of neonates resulting in injury / inadequate assessment of failure to thrive
- Extensive experience of failure to diagnose retinopathy of prematurity claims
- Hypoglycaemic injuries
- Hyponatraemia (low sodium) injuries
- Accidental suffocation injury – “Sudden Unexplained Postnatal Collapse”
- Delay in diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism
- Failure adequately to monitor for respiratory distress resulting in cardiac arrest
Paediatric claims
- Delay in diagnosis of meningitis causing permanent brain damage and hearing loss
- Failure to treat sepsis or serious infection / meningitis
- Failure of diagnosis in Accident and Emergency departments
Product Liability
- All aspects of medical product liability claims
- Pharmaceutical claims
- Teratogenic impact of drugs in pregnant women
- Hip implants
Psychiatric management
- Attempted suicide resulting in catastrophic injury
- Failure to ensure patient was unable to escape from hospital
- Failures of care in the community
- Management of severe bipolar disorder with psychosis in the community
- Management of psychosis
- “Suicide watch” in the community
- Attempted suicides by jumping
- Failure to identify physical cause for psychotic presentation
- Failure to admit to hospital when suicide risk presenting in the community
Radiology
- Failure to diagnose spinal abnormality on scanning
Spinal injury
- Delay in diagnosis of cauda equina syndrome
- Surgical management of cervical disc compression
- Delay in diagnosing spinal infection (discitis)
- Surgical removal of thoracic disc prolapse.
Surgical claims
- Surgical management of cervical disc compression
- Surgical removal of thoracic disc prolapse.
- Injury during bowel surgery
- Delay in undertaking neurosurgical procedure,
- Inadequate post-operative follow up leading to malnourishment
- Inadequate post-operative follow up in failing to drain abdominal collections
- Failure to informed consent in spinal surgery cases
- Incompetently performed limb correction surgery
- Failure to diagnose appendicitis
Wrongful birth/wrongful life
- Negligent pre-conception advice resulting in birth of disabled child including Toombes v Mitchell (wrongful life claim from disabled woman allegedly born as a result of negligent pre-conception advice given to her mother)
- Negligent ultrasonography resulting in birth of disabled child
- Failure to undertake screening test for sickle cell disease resulting in wrongful birth of disabled child
recommendations
Chris is rated as a Star Individual by Chambers & Partners and Tier 1 for The Legal 500 for clinical negligence work. He was awarded the Clinical Negligence Silk of the Year Award 2022 by The Legal 500. He is also ranked by both legal directories for product liability.
He is described by Chambers & Partners as “a very, very clever man. Exceptionally bright and capable. A super brain and a nice man too.”
Other recent directory editorial includes:
- Chris is one of a kind;
- an outstanding barrister;
- very well prepared;
- has a meticulous attention to detail;
- his intellect is phenomenal;
- he is very impressive and the clients see that;
- he is supremely intelligent and tactically astute;
- he cuts straight to the heart of the matter;
- go-to silk for any case involving the complex analysis of data;
- has a strong ability to plot a route to success even in the most complex matters;
- his disarming application of logic has an equal tendency to dishearten opponents and impress judges;
- a truly outstanding silk at the top of his game;
- he is exceptionally talented and knowledgeable, and has great attention to detail;
- Christopher has excellent client care skills and is a first-rate advocate;
- he has a phenomenal grasp of the most technical and complex issues;
- his attention to detail is excellent;
- Christopher is very charming and engaging and pleasure to work with;
- he gives practical, realistic and very reliable opinion and is spot on with his assessments of the impact of developing law on a case;
- he fights furiously for his clients, but never lets that get in the way of common sense and reasonableness;
- an truly outstanding silk who is at the top of his game;
- ferociously bright and a formidable opponent;
- a truly brilliant advocate;
- he is extraordinarily bright, brilliant at detail and using innovative technology;
- he has an incredible mind and an excellent manner with clients;
- a charming silk with unsurpassed conference preparation;
- tirelessly hard-working with a fresh and always compelling view of the fast-emerging law in this area;
- he is the full package;
- makes the most complex information digestible;
- always phenomenally well prepared;
- supremely intelligent;
- incredibly thorough and an excellent advocate;
- has meticulous forensic rigour;
- always meticulously prepared and gets fantastic results;
- exceptional advocacy skills;
- phenomenal attention to detail;
- streets ahead in use of technology;
- he takes an innovative approach to the complex cases and is so easy to work with;
- an all-rounder who assimilates huge amounts of information and targets his approach;
- he’s fantastic on quantum;
- cuts through the peripheral issues that often plagues high-profile group litigation;
- very knowledgeable on products law;
- very organised and very analytical;
- particularly strong in the healthcare and police sectors;
- practical and committed;
- he is incredibly thorough and an excellent advocate;
- someone who can see the bigger picture;
- he has an incredible technical ability;
- very tactically astute;
- his pleadings are a master class in succinctness;
- methodical and very well prepared;
- incredibly quick, accurate, organised and dedicated individual;
- widely admired for his user-friendly manner;
- a very, very balanced and sensible performer;
- he is a joy to work with and clients love him;
- incredibly analytical but also grounded;
- a very strong court advocate and a good strategic thinker;
- credited with achieving consistently excellent results;
- his pleadings are extremely accomplished;
- always on top of the detail and approachable with a very easy manner;
- very approachable, very collaborative, and quick to respond;
- he produces drafting of a high quality;
- very powerful on his feet;
- brings a forensic analysis of the papers yet a commercial approach to the litigation process;
- has the ability to explain ferociously complex cases in simple, straightforward language;
- tremendous preparation and attention to detail;
- his forensic approach to the issues means no stone is left unturned;
- absolutely excellent, and addresses and anticipates everything;
- always good to have him on your side;
- very good strategic mind;
- extraordinarily good and very patient with clients;
- debunks the mysteries associated with litigation, makes things understandable and puts [clients] at ease;
- produces really high-quality paperwork;
- his preparation for conferences is second to none;
- you always know he’ll have got to grips with everything;
- has fantastic client care skills and he’s very clever;
- a star;
- Chris has a great ability to focus on the key issues you need to be successful and win your case;
- user-friendly, intelligent, committed and demonstrates good judgment;
- an impressive silk receiving instructions from the biggest firms in claimant-side product liability;
- brings to the table a very clear, straightforward, logical approach;
- can make very complicated matters appear so simple;
- a tremendous strategic thinker;
- his attention to detail and preparation is phenomenal;
- quite superb;
- his tenacious, detail-oriented style makes him a real favourite;
- hugely clever;
- especially adept at cases involving injury caused by medical or pharmaceutical products and devices;
- pleadings and conferences are always astonishingly well prepared;
- rigorously addresses every single detail;
- you can always be completely confident in his judgement;
- reliable, clever and good with clients;
- an exceptional grasp of the medical issues;
- known for invariably making the right moves in a case;
- his ability to explain very complex ideas in simple ways is a true sign of quality; and
- he is a hands-on silk and is fantastic with clients.
REFLECTIONS
I wanted to be an astronaut. My earliest memories are of watching the Apollo moon buggies. I was devastated when I learnt aged eight that my colour-blindness meant my dreams of being an astronaut could not be fulfilled. That visual defect was obviously the only reason it was Tim Peake and not me hanging out with the Russians in orbit. I did settle on being a barrister a surprisingly short period of time after giving up on my space odyssey. The Bar was repeatedly mentioned to me as a career option. I liked to think it was because of my combination of skills in maths, science and the arts at school. I now realise it was probably because I never shut up and loved “drama” whether on stage, or in life more generally.
“All my cases entail human interest stories… People are at the core of the work.”
Spreadsheets are your friend. I should have invented Facebook and not been a barrister. As a kid for a time my only real friend was my Acorn Atom computer with its cassette tape program storage system. The publication of my Formula 1 racing game and Morse code decoder software should have given me the hint that there was money to be made in this new-fangled computer world. I love to bring the latest technologies into my preparation and presentation of cases with my latest best friends being my iPad Pro and my Apple pencil. Technology should be your friend in litigation.
It’s the humanity, stupid. However, for all my love of gadgets, what makes me so passionate about my work is its humanity. All my cases entail human interest stories: tragedies and follies, resilience and bravery. People are at the core of the work. Understanding the human relationships that underpin medical interactions is endlessly fascinating. It is also a privilege to work with solicitors, experts and clients as a team to understand complex medico-legal cases. The resilience and fortitude of injured clients and their families never ceases to amaze me – and put one’s own trivial woes into proper perspective.
There’s no such thing as a silly question. Asking highly specialist doctors and experts a series of simple questions about a technical topic is always revealing. The apparently stupid question often reveals either a central nugget of understanding or – as often – the ultimate limitations of scientific understanding of the human brain and body.
A bit of humility goes a long way. As we sit bewigged in our ivory chambers, we must always guard against over-confidence and the glib easy answer. The more I have learnt about litigation over the years (and specifically medico-legal litigation) the more I realise I don’t know. The work requires long hours. It is never easy but it is never boring. My pupil supervisor, Dame Nicola Davies DBE, was a highly gifted advocate. Yet despite her reputation as a “natural” and “instinctive” advocate, she instilled in me the key litigation mantra: “preparation, preparation, preparation.”
Academic
Educated at Ballymena Academy in Northern Ireland, Chris obtained a first class degree in Law from Cambridge University (Trinity Hall).
publications and seminars
Chris co-edited the fourth edition of Medical Treatment: Decisions and the Law with Sophia Roper KC and written by 27 members of Serjeants’ Inn.
He edits Medical Treatment: Decisions and the Law (Bloomsbury Professional, 3rd ed, 2016). He wrote “A personal (and selective) introduction to product liability law” (2012) J.P.I.L. 1. He has spoken to wide-ranging audiences including the PEOPIL conference in Malaga, and Europol in the Hague.
Chris’s notable talks include:
- “Use of technology during the Covid-19 pandemic: Top Tips” (with Frances McClenaghan), APIL 13th July 2020
- “Communications and Negotiations”, chairing a series of on-going talks and conversations led by Nicola Hurdley, serving Detective Chief Inspector and Crisis Negotiator (within chambers from 2016 and externally from 2021).
- XX v Whittington – recovery of surrogacy damages , July 2020
Podcasts
Medical Treatment: Decisions and the Law Podcast
ARTICLES
As a contributing editor, Chris has recently reported on the following cases for the Medical Law Reports:
- Swift v Carpenter, [2020] EWCA Civ 1295, [2020] Med LR 527
Personal injuries – Capital accommodation claims – Quantification of accommodation claims – Valuation of reversionary interest off-set – Point in time to assess reversionary interest – Term certain multiplier for life expectancy – Fair and reasonable, but not excessive, compensation. - NKX v Barts Health NHS Trust, [2020] EWHC 828 (QB), [2020] Med LR 298
Clinical negligence – Obstetrics – Breach of duty in consenting for fetal monitoring – Causation – Duration of hypoxia – Myers hypothesis versus extended Myers hypothesis on hypoxia. - Raqueeb v Barts NHS Foundation Trusts (Costs), [2019] EWHC 3320 (Admin) and [2019] EWHC 3322 (Fam), [2020] Med LR 17
Costs – Whether costs to follow the event in Children Act proceedings – Whether costs to follow the event in judicial review – Exercise of costs’ discretion – Children Act 1989, section 8 – Children Act 2004, section 11(2)(a) – Civil Procedure Rules, rr 44.2, 44.10 – Family Procedure Rules, r 28.1 – Senior Courts Act 1981, sections 31(2A), 51(1)(b). - R (ota CXF) v Central Bedfordshire Council [2018] EWCA Civ 2852, [2019] Med LR 88
Meaning of “after-care services” within section 117 of Mental Health Act 1983 – Expenses travelling to support patient – Use of Mental Health Act Code of Practice to interpret Mental Health Act – Statutory interpretation. - East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust v PW [2019] EWCOP 10, [2019] Med LR 218
Capacity – Paranoid schizophrenia with delusional beliefs – Below knee amputation – Best interests’ assessment – Urgent application. - Jones v Taunton And Somerset NHS Foundation Trust, [2019] EWHC 1408 (QB), [2019] Med LR 384
Clinical negligence – Breach of duty – Contemporary responsible body of medical opinion – Obstetric negligence – Choice of tocolytic drug.
- R (Dyer) v The Welsh Ministers, [2015] EWHC 3712 (Admin), [2016] Med LR 185
Judicial review – Public law duties – Resource allocation in NHS Wales – Medium secure accommodation – Necessity to provide medium secure accommodation in Wales – Margin of discretion – Failure to collate information – Appropriate cohort of patient to consider – Resources for those with autistic spectrum disorder and learning disability. - R (SSP Health Ltd) v CQC, [2016] EWHC 2086 (Admin), [2016] Med LR 473
Judicial review – Common law duty of procedural fairness – Procedure for curing factual inaccuracies in CQC inspection report – Approach to challenge of factual accuracies if lacuna in procedure – Internal independent review process versus judicial review – Health and Social Care Act 2008. - Robshaw v United Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS Trust, [2015] EWHC 923 (QB), [2015] Med LR 339
Damages assessment – Tetraplegia – Reduced life expectancy – Strauss data – “Reasonable needs” – Whether child rearing costs recoverable – Home-based swimming pool. - Laughton v Shalaby, [2014] EWCA Civ 1450, [2015] Med LR 1
Clinical negligence – Breach of duty – Similar fact evidence – Assumption of negligence with rare complications. - A v Uni Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, [2015] EWHC 366 (QB), [2015] Med LR 204
Quantum – Assessment of damages – Injury of utmost severity – Correct approach to assessment of damages – Whether proportionality of sum sought material – In-home hydrotherapy claim – Whether to set-off sum for parental rent or mortgage payment in accommodation claim. - Smith v Bailey, [2014[ EWHC 2569 (QB), [2014] Med LR 408
Interim payment application – Appropriate approach to calculation of future accommodation claim – Capital sum versus periodic payment approach – Whether award of periodic payment for rent appropriate. - Warren v Care Fertility (Northampton) Ltd, [2014] EWHC 602 (Fam), [2014] Med LR 217
Consent to storage of sperm – Right to a family life – interpretation of fertility regulations in accordance with right to family life – Human Rights Act, section 3.
Privacy
Christopher adopts and adheres to the provisions of his privacy notice which can be accessed here.
FURTHER INFORMATION
For further details of Christopher’s practice please click on the links to the left or contact a member of the clerking or client service team.
Bar Council Membership No: 26289
Registered Name: Christopher George Johnston
VAT Registration No: 524446062